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Razieh Bayani; Mojtaba Khoshravesh; Abdolmajid Liaghat; Masoud Pourgholam-Amiji
Abstract
Due to the drought, water and food security in the country is facing serious challenges, and a precise and science-based implementation plan is needed. The use of new technologies, such as modern irrigation systems, is essential as an effective tool for optimal water use. Therefore, this study was conducted ...
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Due to the drought, water and food security in the country is facing serious challenges, and a precise and science-based implementation plan is needed. The use of new technologies, such as modern irrigation systems, is essential as an effective tool for optimal water use. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the yield, yield components, and water efficiency of rice variety "Honda" in two surface and subsurface drip irrigation systems in a paddy field located in Kiasar, Mazandaran Province, Iran, during the spring and summer of 2022. The experimental design was strip plots using a randomized complete block design with 6 treatments and 3 replications in 18 plots measuring 2 by 3 m. The treatments included surface drip irrigation with strip distances of 25, 50, and 75 cm, and subsurface drip irrigation at a depth of 30 cm with the same strip distances. The results showed that cluster length, number of grains, plant height, and root length were significantly increased in surface drip irrigation treatments compared to subsurface treatments, with an increase of 1.2 cm (6.8%), 8.19 (49.8%), 6.9 cm (8.2%), and 1 centimeters (6.9%), respectively. The grain yield, harvest index, physical efficiency, and economic efficiency in the surface drip irrigation treatments showed significant increases of 1664 kg/ha (40.8%), 4.7% (14.1%), 0.27 kg/m3 (38.5%), and 242,363 Rials/m3 (38.4%), respectively, compared to subsurface drip irrigation treatments. The maximum grain yield and harvest index were observed at distances of 25 cm, equal to 5834 kg/ha and 40%, respectively. The maximum physical efficiency was observed at a distance of 50 cm, equal to 0.93 kg/m3. With an increase in distance between the strips from 25 to 50 cm, the physical efficiency increased by 22%. However, further increase in the distance led to a decrease in physical efficiency. The maximum economic efficiency was observed for surface drip irrigation at a distance of 50 cm, equal to 836,951 Rials/m3.
6
Masoud Pourgholam-Amiji; Khaled Ahmadaali; Abdolmajid Liaghat
Abstract
This research aimed to select essential features for modeling the cost of pressurized irrigation systems using the data of 515 drip irrigation projects in four parts, including the cost of pumping station and central control system (TCP), cost of on-farm equipment (TCF), cost of installation and operation ...
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This research aimed to select essential features for modeling the cost of pressurized irrigation systems using the data of 515 drip irrigation projects in four parts, including the cost of pumping station and central control system (TCP), cost of on-farm equipment (TCF), cost of installation and operation on-farm and pumping station (TCI), and total cost (TCT). In the first stage, a database including 39 features influencing the cost of the mentioned sectors was prepared and the price of all projects (2006 to 2019) was updated for the base year of 2021. Then, feature selection was done with different algorithms in MATLAB environment and in two parts including (1) all features (39 features before and after the design stage) and (2) 18 features before the design phase (BD). The results showed that the amounts of RMSE and R2 for all the features were equal to 0.007 and 0.92, respectively, and for the BD section, they were equal to 0.003 and 0.89, respectively. Among the different algorithms for feature selection, support vector machine (SVM) and optimization algorithms (Wrapper) were identified as the best learner and feature selection method, respectively. The results of the evaluation criteria showed that the two LCA and FOA algorithms achieved the best estimation, and their error criterion in all the features were 0.0020 and 0.0018, respectively, while their correlations were 0.94 and 0.94. In the BD features, these criteria were 0.0006 and 0.95 for both algorithms, respectively. Finally, in the all features section, 10 out of 39 features and for BD section, 8 out of 18 were selected as the most effective features. The results of choosing the most effective features that affect the cost of different parts of the drip irrigation system can make the cost modeling of the systems simpler and faster and, while being useful for research works, it facilitates estimation and management of costs before implementation of each project.
7
Mojtaba Khoshravesh; Masoud Pourgholam-Amiji
Abstract
Searching for ways to reduce consumption and preserve water resources is of great importance. Using magnetized water may be effective in this regard. In this research, the effect of water stress using magnetized water on the yield and yield components of strawberry plants was investigated. The factorial ...
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Searching for ways to reduce consumption and preserve water resources is of great importance. Using magnetized water may be effective in this regard. In this research, the effect of water stress using magnetized water on the yield and yield components of strawberry plants was investigated. The factorial experiment was conducted in the form of randomized complete block design with three replications in 2021 and 2022 in Neka Region. The main factor included the type of irrigation water (Non-Magnetized Water (W1) and Magnetized Water (W2)) and the secondary factor included the level of irrigation in three levels (100% FI: Flood irrigation =I1, 80%FI =I2, and 60%FI =I3). The results showed that the effect of irrigation water type and irrigation level on the number of fruits per plant, length, diameter and weight of fruit, biomass, and plant yield and water productivity was significant (p< 1%). On average, by application of magnetized water, the number of fruits per plant, length, diameter and fruit weight, biomass, plant yield, and water productivity were increased by 15.1%, 16.6%, 18%, 20/2%, 23%, 16.8%, and 11.7%, respectively. By reducing the amount of irrigation water, the appearance characteristics of strawberry fruit and yield decreased, but the water productivity increased. The biggest decrease was related to the number of fruits per plant at the irrigation level of 60%, which decreased by 42.72% compared to the control treatment. In conclusion, use of magnetized water technology and deficit irrigation improved strawberry yield.
Masoud Pourgholam Amiji; Addolmajid Liaghat; Arezoo Nazi Ghameshlou; Mojtaba Khoshravesh
Abstract
The problem of soil salinity exists in the paddy field areas in Iran, especially in the Caspian Sea coastal areas, due to its proximity to the sea and low altitude with saline and shallow water table. Besides, considering that rice is one of the most important strategic crops for economy of Iran ...
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The problem of soil salinity exists in the paddy field areas in Iran, especially in the Caspian Sea coastal areas, due to its proximity to the sea and low altitude with saline and shallow water table. Besides, considering that rice is one of the most important strategic crops for economy of Iran and the people in this area, this research was necessary in order to investigate the possibility of production of rice in the presence of shallow and saline groundwater table. This research was performed as a physical model (insulated metallic lysimeter) in the Meteorological Research Center of College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, in 2017. The complete randomized design included two treatments with shallow water table: FSG and SSG, with fresh (control) and saline water, respectively. The salinity of irrigation water was 0.94 dS/m for both treatments. Moreover, for SSG treatment, the EC of shallow groundwater was 20 dS/m at 40 cm soil depth and was regulated as an artificial recharge. The results of salinity profile in SSG treatment showed that there was almost no mixing of fresh and saline water in interstitial zone (under the hard pan from 30 cm to 40 cm of soil surface). In this manner, there was insignificant effect of salinity in the root zone, because of existing of permanent water layer in rice field and downward water flow, which makes an obstacle for upward flow for saline water. This problem did not affect the rice yield, which didn’t decrease. The results of data analysis confirm this and show that shallow groundwater salinity has no significant effect on the parameters like leaf area index (LAI), root length (RL), plant length (PL), membrane stability index (MSI), chlorophyll (SPAD), relative water content (RWC) and the biomass (BIO). The difference between the performance of the control and the salinity treatments was about 1 to 12 percent, while the grain and biological yield in SSG treatment compared with FSG treatment decreased 3.2% and 4.5 percent, respectively. Therefore, considering the significant leaching of soil after cultivation, the negligible loss of yield and upward movement of saline water in the soil, production of rice and other plants in such areas seems possible. Also, with the help of efficient and effective use of lands with shallow saline groundwater, we can decrease the pressure on conventional soil and water resources.